GYALCHEN DHEY-ZHI: THE FOUR DIRECTIONAL KINGS

At the entrance or porch (Dz. Gorakha) of most Dzongs and monasteries, these images, either in the forms of statues or murals, are found on the walls. Many a time, I have heard visitors murmur from perplexity wondering what those images spiritually represent. Therefore, in the hope of helping inquisitive minds, I'm sharing the following information.

A source claims that the guardians have an origin in ancient Mongolian tradition. They are warriors who guard the world against demons and earthly threats.

These four figures represent the first Indian gods incorporated into the Buddhist narrative. The Four Guardian Kings came before Shakyamuni Buddha just after the Buddha achieved enlightenment under the bodhi tree. The four offered, each individually, a black bowl made of sapphire or lapis lazuli to the Buddha. The Buddha accepted the offer and the four bowls miraculously became one bowl. This is the black bowl that is typically seen in the lap of Shakyamuni in painting and sculpture.

Dhrita-Rashra (Dz. Yulkhorsung): Also known as Sharcho-Gyalpo, he is the guardian of the East. His complexion is white. He can be recognized by the lute, a symbol of mortality. He is also known as the King of the Incense-Devouring Demons.

Vaisravana (Dz. Namthoesey): Also referred to as Jangcho Gyalpo, he is the guardian of the North and his skin color is yellow. He is identified by the jewel-spewing nakula and the victory banner. He is also known as the King of Illness- Spreading Yaks (Indian ghosts of the forest or wilds, or elfish demons).

Virupaksha (Dz. Chengmizang): Also referred to as Nubcho Gyalpo, he is the guardian of the west and his skin color is red, reflection the setting sun. He can be recognized by the stupa and the serpent. He is also known as the King of the Serpents.

Virudhaka (Dz. Phagchepo): Referred to also as Lhocho Gyalpo, he is the guardian of the South. His skin color is green or blue. He can be recognized by the sword, he holds in his right hand. He is also known as the King of the Monster Demons.

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Sources:

1. 'Buddhist Symbols' by Tatjana and Mirabai Blau ©Sterling Publishing Co. Inc

2. Lonely Planet.

3. Himalayan Art Resources.

4. Murals: Northwest Rafting.